by dr nicholas altuneg, Behavioural Optometrist
Conjunctivitis, commonly called “pink eye”, is a widespread eye condition that impacts people of all age groups, from toddlers to seniors. Whether you’ve personally experienced conjunctivitis or have a friend or family member who has, you know how frustrating it is to deal with.
Despite how common it is, many individuals remain unclear about what conjunctivitis is, how it occurs, and how to seek proper treatment. So, let’s look at the causes and symptoms, and provide insights about effective treatment.
What is Conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, a delicate and transparent layer that envelops the white portion of the eye (sclera) and lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids. One or both eyes may be watery, sore or itchy, sometimes with sticky white or yellow discharge. The affected eye, or eyes, will also look puffy.
The term “pink eye” can be traced back to the visible redness or pinkish tint that becomes apparent when the blood vessels within the conjunctiva become dilated and inflamed. However, it’s important to note that not all cases of conjunctivitis result in the characteristic redness; the severity and manifestation of symptoms can differ.
How Does Conjunctivitis Happen?
Conjunctivitis can occur for various reasons, each with its own set of causes and risk factors. Understanding these causes plays a vital role in determining the right treatment and mitigating the transmission of the condition.
Viral conjunctivitis: This form of pink eye is typically caused by viruses, such as adenoviruses responsible for various respiratory illnesses. It can also result from the same virus responsible for the common cold. Viral conjunctivitis is exceptionally contagious and can spread through contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated surfaces. It often starts in one eye and may progress to the other.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis. This type of pink eye can result from poor hygiene, using contaminated cosmetics, poor contact lens hygiene, or coming into contact with an infected person’s eye discharge. It typically affects one eye but can spread to
the other.
Allergic conjunctivitis: Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva reacts to allergens, like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain chemicals. It is not contagious and often affects both eyes simultaneously. Seasonal allergies are a common trigger for this form of conjunctivitis.
Chemical conjunctivitis: Exposure to irritating substances, such as chlorine in swimming pools, smog, or harsh chemicals, can lead to chemical conjunctivitis. This form of pink eye typically impacts both eyes and occurs due to direct contact with the irritant.
Recognising the Symptoms
Symptoms of conjunctivitis can differ based on the underlying cause, but typical indicators encompass:
- Redness or pink discolouration in the affected eye(s).
- Itchiness or irritation.
- Watery or mucous discharge from the eye(s).
- Gritty or sandy sensation in the eye(s).
- Swelling of the eyelids.
- Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).
- Crusty eyelids, especially in the morning (common in bacterial conjunctivitis).
It’s important to note that symptoms like eye pain and vision changes are less common in conjunctivitis and may suggest a more serious eye condition, necessitating immediate medical attention.
Who to Consult for Treatment?
Successful treatment depends on identifying the type of conjunctivitis and treating the root cause. Many people will go to the pharmacist and try different eye drops, hoping that their conjunctivitis will be cured quickly. Unfortunately, the reality is that if you are not treating the right thing, then the conjunctivitis will worsen and I have seen this occur many times in clinical practice. In severe cases, conjunctivitis could be sight–threatening, therefore not seeking medical help means that you are taking a needless risk with your eyes.
An optometrist is your go–to professional when dealing with conjunctivitis, regardless of its cause. They can accurately diagnose and manage various forms of pink eye and can offer guidance on effectively relieving discomfort and managing symptoms so that you can get better faster.
Preventing the Spread of Conjunctivitis
To prevent the spread of conjunctivitis, especially in cases of viral or bacterial origin, follow these essential steps:
Practice good hygiene: Regularly cleanse your hands with soap and water and avoid touching your eyes with unwashed hands.
Avoid sharing personal items: Refrain from sharing towels, wash cloths, eye makeup, contact lenses, – or their storage cases – with others.
Practice proper contact lens hygiene: If you often wear contact lenses, adhere to strict hygiene practices, such as disinfecting lenses and cases regularly. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, switch to glasses until the condition clears.
Isolate yourself: If you have viral or bacterial conjunctivitis, limit close contact with others, particularly in crowded environments, to prevent the spread of the infection.
Dispose of tissues and cotton balls properly: If you use tissues or cotton balls to clean discharge from your eyes, dispose of them in a lined trash bin to avoid contaminating other surfaces.
Wrapping Up the Discussion on Conjunctivitis
Understanding the type of conjunctivitis, or pink eye, you have is crucial for seeking appropriate treatment and preventing its spread to others. Whether it’s viral, bacterial, allergic, or chemical conjunctivitis, consulting an optometrist is key to managing the condition effectively and safeguarding your eye health.
By maintaining good hygiene practices and implementing preventive measures, you can decrease the likelihood of contracting and transmitting pink eye, thereby contributing to better eye health for yourself and those around you.
Dr Nicholas Altuneg is a Behavioural Optometrist who has been working on the Central Coast for almost 30 years. He is the co–founder at Eyes by Design, which is in the Kincumber Centre. Appointments can be made by phone 4369 8169 or online at www.eyesbydesign.com.au
This article is intended to promote understanding of and knowledge about general eye health topics. It should not be used as a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your health care professional prior to incorporating this as part of your health regimen.